Lillian Williams, Chair and Associate Professor, African American Studies, SUNY Buffalo, and author of: Strangers in the Land of Paradise: The Creation of an African American Community in Buffalo, New York, 1900-1940, (1999), examines the ties between Mary B. Talbert's work with the Niagara Movement and the Black Women's Club Movement. Respondent Shelia Martin, Assistant Professor, English, Erie Community College, has conducted extensive research on Ida B. Wells Barnett, Mary Church Terrell, and the early years of the Women's Club Movement during the late 19th and early 20th century.